what aftermarket management do people run on their cossies?
#41
sorry yeah including 0.
as we know t6 is very usual stu, but you still aint using 80% of its functions, best buy some more toys to use all of them.
Lucky for you, you got it nice and cheap
as we know t6 is very usual stu, but you still aint using 80% of its functions, best buy some more toys to use all of them.
Lucky for you, you got it nice and cheap
#42
T6 can be had for not much these days too. I sold mine for £800. T6 2000 will be a little more expensive.
Cheaper ECU's are cheap for a reason. They have less development put into them. Although they have plenty of features, how well do they do it and how accurately can they do it and what engine protection measures do they have to make sure you don't cook your engine and turbo.
Cheaper ECU's are cheap for a reason. They have less development put into them. Although they have plenty of features, how well do they do it and how accurately can they do it and what engine protection measures do they have to make sure you don't cook your engine and turbo.
but what i want to know is are they better than 20 year old ford management.
this is what ive been looking at
http://cgi.ebay.co.uk/OMEX-600-compe...d=p3286.c0.m14
or
http://cgi.ebay.co.uk/DTA-S40-PRO-co...QQcmdZViewItem
they both do 99% of what i want from an ecu at an ok price
#43
which im not, its only for a bit of fun.
i know cheaper ecu's wont be as good as say t6 or autronics or as dear
but what i want to know is are they better than 20 year old ford management.
this is what ive been looking at
http://cgi.ebay.co.uk/OMEX-600-compe...d=p3286.c0.m14
or
http://cgi.ebay.co.uk/DTA-S40-PRO-co...QQcmdZViewItem
they both do 99% of what i want from an ecu at an ok price
i know cheaper ecu's wont be as good as say t6 or autronics or as dear
but what i want to know is are they better than 20 year old ford management.
this is what ive been looking at
http://cgi.ebay.co.uk/OMEX-600-compe...d=p3286.c0.m14
or
http://cgi.ebay.co.uk/DTA-S40-PRO-co...QQcmdZViewItem
they both do 99% of what i want from an ecu at an ok price
#44
that was part of the origional post,
ive only seen the big boys play with expensive ecus, lol
dont know any1 running or offer mapping of omex or dta, ( i know you do but any1 else?)
ive only seen the big boys play with expensive ecus, lol
dont know any1 running or offer mapping of omex or dta, ( i know you do but any1 else?)
#45
think theres a place called track and race who are spose to be good with dta think there in london but if you have a trailor stu then go to the sorce for a map dta/emerald own the there own rollers to do customers cars , mr shead seems ur obvious choice for 750+vodka build a loom for it then take it back for mapping
#46
I think if you add all the listed features posted by the different people, T6 is considerably more powerful / has more features than the majority of ECUs listed.
Stu,
You forgot NITROS control .
#48
Emerald do throttle angle boost control with rpm, don't know about others.
I chose this sytem as it is easy to use, if I can do it anyone can, but as for mapping I leave it to the people WHO DESIGNED IT AND WHO BUILD IT, ie Emerald 01953 889110.
This can do over 20+ different trigger patterns, tripple maps, mapping cost FOR THREE MAPS IS £275, not £500 for one map as some charge.
Does egt,(already has vag software), runs lambda or not as you wish, individual cylinder trims for ignition and fuelling with positive or negative gains, closed loop on egt if you wish,for boost and fuelling.
System has been becnh tested to 44,000 rpm before it started to lose accuracy.
The speed site are to 15,500 rpm but as Emerald are emerald they listened to comments the ecu now allows you to move the speed site anywhere you like, so it has greater control and the resolution is down to 1(one) RPM.
You can space them anywhere you like even or uneven and all speed related events.
Same story with load sites to 1 % resoution.
Reads from map only airflow metre only or throttle angle only or a mix of these.
Controls VVT VVC MEVIC etc etc.
It also has a ability to change the values of sensors calibration, so that you can use pretty much any sensor so long as it fits, good for the future as cossie parts are harder to get hold of, ECT for instance can be done with kettle and ice, and it worsk the rest out.
Injectors can be calibrated for changing voltage supply.
The ecu operates stds coil coilpack, plug on coil, batch fired, semi sequential or fully sequential, dizzy or dizzy less, the best bit is yet to come.
When you phone the number or look on the website you get support from the very people who know the system better than anybody else, as they are emerald, not made in another country and have to speak through 2 or 3 people to get something.
If you want an emerald get on the list as waiting list is operating due to sales, based in Norfolk despite waht people say can map up to 700bhp@wheels, 2wd or 4wd, or even 1WD!!
Emeralds motorbike a Norton is going on the system, soon
Air conditioing control, fuel pump realy control TWO stage cooling fan control, or just use the 1 whichever, programmable tacho driver, can drive any tacho(electric), and can CALIBRATE tacho in the ecu software if it is innacurate, shift light, boost control, variable can control, cam switching, stepper motor or solenoid idle control valves, CAN data link to didgital dashboards, user programmable oputputs, 5 and 8 volt sesnor supplies.
Got a track car ? don't buy TWO ecu's have one map for your car one for the track car, and up to you what you do with the other ?
Does FULL THROTTLE GEAR SHIFT, in gear adjustable boost, oil/aux temperature, launch enable, does inductive or digital sensors for crank/dizzy.
Need more www.emeraldm3d.com,
Has been used to map all manner of engines including a 27,000 CC rolls royce merlin engine on throttle bodies, in a rover sd1, even modded to work a 5 cylinder audi quattro, Karl's own car(karl= 1/2 of emerald), as well as will holmans car, editor of PPC, who dave writes a feature for.
tabetha
I chose this sytem as it is easy to use, if I can do it anyone can, but as for mapping I leave it to the people WHO DESIGNED IT AND WHO BUILD IT, ie Emerald 01953 889110.
This can do over 20+ different trigger patterns, tripple maps, mapping cost FOR THREE MAPS IS £275, not £500 for one map as some charge.
Does egt,(already has vag software), runs lambda or not as you wish, individual cylinder trims for ignition and fuelling with positive or negative gains, closed loop on egt if you wish,for boost and fuelling.
System has been becnh tested to 44,000 rpm before it started to lose accuracy.
The speed site are to 15,500 rpm but as Emerald are emerald they listened to comments the ecu now allows you to move the speed site anywhere you like, so it has greater control and the resolution is down to 1(one) RPM.
You can space them anywhere you like even or uneven and all speed related events.
Same story with load sites to 1 % resoution.
Reads from map only airflow metre only or throttle angle only or a mix of these.
Controls VVT VVC MEVIC etc etc.
It also has a ability to change the values of sensors calibration, so that you can use pretty much any sensor so long as it fits, good for the future as cossie parts are harder to get hold of, ECT for instance can be done with kettle and ice, and it worsk the rest out.
Injectors can be calibrated for changing voltage supply.
The ecu operates stds coil coilpack, plug on coil, batch fired, semi sequential or fully sequential, dizzy or dizzy less, the best bit is yet to come.
When you phone the number or look on the website you get support from the very people who know the system better than anybody else, as they are emerald, not made in another country and have to speak through 2 or 3 people to get something.
If you want an emerald get on the list as waiting list is operating due to sales, based in Norfolk despite waht people say can map up to 700bhp@wheels, 2wd or 4wd, or even 1WD!!
Emeralds motorbike a Norton is going on the system, soon
Air conditioing control, fuel pump realy control TWO stage cooling fan control, or just use the 1 whichever, programmable tacho driver, can drive any tacho(electric), and can CALIBRATE tacho in the ecu software if it is innacurate, shift light, boost control, variable can control, cam switching, stepper motor or solenoid idle control valves, CAN data link to didgital dashboards, user programmable oputputs, 5 and 8 volt sesnor supplies.
Got a track car ? don't buy TWO ecu's have one map for your car one for the track car, and up to you what you do with the other ?
Does FULL THROTTLE GEAR SHIFT, in gear adjustable boost, oil/aux temperature, launch enable, does inductive or digital sensors for crank/dizzy.
Need more www.emeraldm3d.com,
Has been used to map all manner of engines including a 27,000 CC rolls royce merlin engine on throttle bodies, in a rover sd1, even modded to work a 5 cylinder audi quattro, Karl's own car(karl= 1/2 of emerald), as well as will holmans car, editor of PPC, who dave writes a feature for.
tabetha
#50
#51
So given that, and your superior knowledge of the aforementioned ECUs, which in your opinion has good transient control of the fuel and which don't?
#53
PassionFords Creator
iTrader: (12)
Joined: May 2003
Posts: 28,824
Likes: 95
From: Blackpool, UK Destination: Rev limiter
Emerald do throttle angle boost control with rpm, don't know about others.
I chose this sytem as it is easy to use, if I can do it anyone can, but as for mapping I leave it to the people WHO DESIGNED IT AND WHO BUILD IT, ie Emerald 01953 889110.
This can do over 20+ different trigger patterns, tripple maps, mapping cost FOR THREE MAPS IS £275, not £500 for one map as some charge.
Does egt,(already has vag software), runs lambda or not as you wish, individual cylinder trims for ignition and fuelling with positive or negative gains, closed loop on egt if you wish,for boost and fuelling.
System has been becnh tested to 44,000 rpm before it started to lose accuracy.
The speed site are to 15,500 rpm but as Emerald are emerald they listened to comments the ecu now allows you to move the speed site anywhere you like, so it has greater control and the resolution is down to 1(one) RPM.
You can space them anywhere you like even or uneven and all speed related events.
Same story with load sites to 1 % resoution.
Reads from map only airflow metre only or throttle angle only or a mix of these.
Controls VVT VVC MEVIC etc etc.
It also has a ability to change the values of sensors calibration, so that you can use pretty much any sensor so long as it fits, good for the future as cossie parts are harder to get hold of, ECT for instance can be done with kettle and ice, and it worsk the rest out.
Injectors can be calibrated for changing voltage supply.
The ecu operates stds coil coilpack, plug on coil, batch fired, semi sequential or fully sequential, dizzy or dizzy less, the best bit is yet to come.
When you phone the number or look on the website you get support from the very people who know the system better than anybody else, as they are emerald, not made in another country and have to speak through 2 or 3 people to get something.
If you want an emerald get on the list as waiting list is operating due to sales, based in Norfolk despite waht people say can map up to 700bhp@wheels, 2wd or 4wd, or even 1WD!!
Emeralds motorbike a Norton is going on the system, soon
Air conditioing control, fuel pump realy control TWO stage cooling fan control, or just use the 1 whichever, programmable tacho driver, can drive any tacho(electric), and can CALIBRATE tacho in the ecu software if it is innacurate, shift light, boost control, variable can control, cam switching, stepper motor or solenoid idle control valves, CAN data link to didgital dashboards, user programmable oputputs, 5 and 8 volt sesnor supplies.
Got a track car ? don't buy TWO ecu's have one map for your car one for the track car, and up to you what you do with the other ?
Does FULL THROTTLE GEAR SHIFT, in gear adjustable boost, oil/aux temperature, launch enable, does inductive or digital sensors for crank/dizzy.
Need more www.emeraldm3d.com,
Has been used to map all manner of engines including a 27,000 CC rolls royce merlin engine on throttle bodies, in a rover sd1, even modded to work a 5 cylinder audi quattro, Karl's own car(karl= 1/2 of emerald), as well as will holmans car, editor of PPC, who dave writes a feature for.
tabetha
I chose this sytem as it is easy to use, if I can do it anyone can, but as for mapping I leave it to the people WHO DESIGNED IT AND WHO BUILD IT, ie Emerald 01953 889110.
This can do over 20+ different trigger patterns, tripple maps, mapping cost FOR THREE MAPS IS £275, not £500 for one map as some charge.
Does egt,(already has vag software), runs lambda or not as you wish, individual cylinder trims for ignition and fuelling with positive or negative gains, closed loop on egt if you wish,for boost and fuelling.
System has been becnh tested to 44,000 rpm before it started to lose accuracy.
The speed site are to 15,500 rpm but as Emerald are emerald they listened to comments the ecu now allows you to move the speed site anywhere you like, so it has greater control and the resolution is down to 1(one) RPM.
You can space them anywhere you like even or uneven and all speed related events.
Same story with load sites to 1 % resoution.
Reads from map only airflow metre only or throttle angle only or a mix of these.
Controls VVT VVC MEVIC etc etc.
It also has a ability to change the values of sensors calibration, so that you can use pretty much any sensor so long as it fits, good for the future as cossie parts are harder to get hold of, ECT for instance can be done with kettle and ice, and it worsk the rest out.
Injectors can be calibrated for changing voltage supply.
The ecu operates stds coil coilpack, plug on coil, batch fired, semi sequential or fully sequential, dizzy or dizzy less, the best bit is yet to come.
When you phone the number or look on the website you get support from the very people who know the system better than anybody else, as they are emerald, not made in another country and have to speak through 2 or 3 people to get something.
If you want an emerald get on the list as waiting list is operating due to sales, based in Norfolk despite waht people say can map up to 700bhp@wheels, 2wd or 4wd, or even 1WD!!
Emeralds motorbike a Norton is going on the system, soon
Air conditioing control, fuel pump realy control TWO stage cooling fan control, or just use the 1 whichever, programmable tacho driver, can drive any tacho(electric), and can CALIBRATE tacho in the ecu software if it is innacurate, shift light, boost control, variable can control, cam switching, stepper motor or solenoid idle control valves, CAN data link to didgital dashboards, user programmable oputputs, 5 and 8 volt sesnor supplies.
Got a track car ? don't buy TWO ecu's have one map for your car one for the track car, and up to you what you do with the other ?
Does FULL THROTTLE GEAR SHIFT, in gear adjustable boost, oil/aux temperature, launch enable, does inductive or digital sensors for crank/dizzy.
Need more www.emeraldm3d.com,
Has been used to map all manner of engines including a 27,000 CC rolls royce merlin engine on throttle bodies, in a rover sd1, even modded to work a 5 cylinder audi quattro, Karl's own car(karl= 1/2 of emerald), as well as will holmans car, editor of PPC, who dave writes a feature for.
tabetha
#54
The best i've seen is Pectel, but i'm sure the likes of Motec are pretty good too. I've not mapped Emerald, DTA, Gems, AEM, Omex, or much of those (but have seen how awful they are) - most of the stuff i've done is OEM EPROM hacking and MS.
#57
Too many posts.. I need a life!!
Joined: May 2004
Posts: 925
Likes: 0
From: in the garage fixing yet another oil leak
Emerald do throttle angle boost control with rpm, don't know about others.
I chose this sytem as it is easy to use, if I can do it anyone can, but as for mapping I leave it to the people WHO DESIGNED IT AND WHO BUILD IT, ie Emerald 01953 889110.
This can do over 20+ different trigger patterns, tripple maps, mapping cost FOR THREE MAPS IS £275, not £500 for one map as some charge.
Does egt,(already has vag software), runs lambda or not as you wish, individual cylinder trims for ignition and fuelling with positive or negative gains, closed loop on egt if you wish,for boost and fuelling.
System has been becnh tested to 44,000 rpm before it started to lose accuracy.
The speed site are to 15,500 rpm but as Emerald are emerald they listened to comments the ecu now allows you to move the speed site anywhere you like, so it has greater control and the resolution is down to 1(one) RPM.
You can space them anywhere you like even or uneven and all speed related events.
Same story with load sites to 1 % resoution.
Reads from map only airflow metre only or throttle angle only or a mix of these.
Controls VVT VVC MEVIC etc etc.
It also has a ability to change the values of sensors calibration, so that you can use pretty much any sensor so long as it fits, good for the future as cossie parts are harder to get hold of, ECT for instance can be done with kettle and ice, and it worsk the rest out.
Injectors can be calibrated for changing voltage supply.
The ecu operates stds coil coilpack, plug on coil, batch fired, semi sequential or fully sequential, dizzy or dizzy less, the best bit is yet to come.
When you phone the number or look on the website you get support from the very people who know the system better than anybody else, as they are emerald, not made in another country and have to speak through 2 or 3 people to get something.
If you want an emerald get on the list as waiting list is operating due to sales, based in Norfolk despite waht people say can map up to 700bhp@wheels, 2wd or 4wd, or even 1WD!!
Emeralds motorbike a Norton is going on the system, soon
Air conditioing control, fuel pump realy control TWO stage cooling fan control, or just use the 1 whichever, programmable tacho driver, can drive any tacho(electric), and can CALIBRATE tacho in the ecu software if it is innacurate, shift light, boost control, variable can control, cam switching, stepper motor or solenoid idle control valves, CAN data link to didgital dashboards, user programmable oputputs, 5 and 8 volt sesnor supplies.
Got a track car ? don't buy TWO ecu's have one map for your car one for the track car, and up to you what you do with the other ?
Does FULL THROTTLE GEAR SHIFT, in gear adjustable boost, oil/aux temperature, launch enable, does inductive or digital sensors for crank/dizzy.
Need more www.emeraldm3d.com,
Has been used to map all manner of engines including a 27,000 CC rolls royce merlin engine on throttle bodies, in a rover sd1, even modded to work a 5 cylinder audi quattro, Karl's own car(karl= 1/2 of emerald), as well as will holmans car, editor of PPC, who dave writes a feature for.
tabetha
I chose this sytem as it is easy to use, if I can do it anyone can, but as for mapping I leave it to the people WHO DESIGNED IT AND WHO BUILD IT, ie Emerald 01953 889110.
This can do over 20+ different trigger patterns, tripple maps, mapping cost FOR THREE MAPS IS £275, not £500 for one map as some charge.
Does egt,(already has vag software), runs lambda or not as you wish, individual cylinder trims for ignition and fuelling with positive or negative gains, closed loop on egt if you wish,for boost and fuelling.
System has been becnh tested to 44,000 rpm before it started to lose accuracy.
The speed site are to 15,500 rpm but as Emerald are emerald they listened to comments the ecu now allows you to move the speed site anywhere you like, so it has greater control and the resolution is down to 1(one) RPM.
You can space them anywhere you like even or uneven and all speed related events.
Same story with load sites to 1 % resoution.
Reads from map only airflow metre only or throttle angle only or a mix of these.
Controls VVT VVC MEVIC etc etc.
It also has a ability to change the values of sensors calibration, so that you can use pretty much any sensor so long as it fits, good for the future as cossie parts are harder to get hold of, ECT for instance can be done with kettle and ice, and it worsk the rest out.
Injectors can be calibrated for changing voltage supply.
The ecu operates stds coil coilpack, plug on coil, batch fired, semi sequential or fully sequential, dizzy or dizzy less, the best bit is yet to come.
When you phone the number or look on the website you get support from the very people who know the system better than anybody else, as they are emerald, not made in another country and have to speak through 2 or 3 people to get something.
If you want an emerald get on the list as waiting list is operating due to sales, based in Norfolk despite waht people say can map up to 700bhp@wheels, 2wd or 4wd, or even 1WD!!
Emeralds motorbike a Norton is going on the system, soon
Air conditioing control, fuel pump realy control TWO stage cooling fan control, or just use the 1 whichever, programmable tacho driver, can drive any tacho(electric), and can CALIBRATE tacho in the ecu software if it is innacurate, shift light, boost control, variable can control, cam switching, stepper motor or solenoid idle control valves, CAN data link to didgital dashboards, user programmable oputputs, 5 and 8 volt sesnor supplies.
Got a track car ? don't buy TWO ecu's have one map for your car one for the track car, and up to you what you do with the other ?
Does FULL THROTTLE GEAR SHIFT, in gear adjustable boost, oil/aux temperature, launch enable, does inductive or digital sensors for crank/dizzy.
Need more www.emeraldm3d.com,
Has been used to map all manner of engines including a 27,000 CC rolls royce merlin engine on throttle bodies, in a rover sd1, even modded to work a 5 cylinder audi quattro, Karl's own car(karl= 1/2 of emerald), as well as will holmans car, editor of PPC, who dave writes a feature for.
tabetha
#59
#60
#61
PassionFords Creator
iTrader: (12)
Joined: May 2003
Posts: 28,824
Likes: 95
From: Blackpool, UK Destination: Rev limiter
Thats just fuel, we want it for spark too but its FAR less critical.
#62
Ive got a WOLf V4 kicking about that I bought ages ago and have never got round to using.
Thats got a lot of screens dedicated to transient fuelling, enrichment rates, decay rates etc, I was quite impressed by how much so.
Autronic also is pretty well configurable in this respect.
Emerald seems to be one of the worst TBH, IIRC its got some basic accel enrichment and utterly nothing for decelleration at all.
Thats got a lot of screens dedicated to transient fuelling, enrichment rates, decay rates etc, I was quite impressed by how much so.
Autronic also is pretty well configurable in this respect.
Emerald seems to be one of the worst TBH, IIRC its got some basic accel enrichment and utterly nothing for decelleration at all.
#63
agreed emerald is the worst on transient fuel and spark control dta have really upped there game as far as throttle transients and warm up hot and deceleration control ,omex still seem pretty basic and as far as the new one im trying atm well i need to pull my finger out and fit it
#65
It should be adjustable mate and therefore it should be detailed in the software. We ideally need things such as both positive and negative acceleration Gain, decay and Clamp as well as min and max switches for TFC and various time based transient controls.
Thats just fuel, we want it for spark too but its FAR less critical.
Thats just fuel, we want it for spark too but its FAR less critical.
havent you just discribed the TFC sub tables on a T6 LOL LOL
TFC is the thing that took me the longest to get right!
#66
PassionFords Creator
iTrader: (12)
Joined: May 2003
Posts: 28,824
Likes: 95
From: Blackpool, UK Destination: Rev limiter
You chaps would love to see the maps and switch points in a modern ECU just to give you some idea how far behind the aftermarket is.
#67
T6 is very good actually, possibly the best I've ever used out of all the aftermarket systems. OE is usually twice as good again, but you cant normally find out where its switch points are. LOL
You chaps would love to see the maps and switch points in a modern ECU just to give you some idea how far behind the aftermarket is.
You chaps would love to see the maps and switch points in a modern ECU just to give you some idea how far behind the aftermarket is.
ALL the aftermarket ones are about late 80s or so in terms of sophistication when compared to OE ECU's IMHO
However, much of the more modern stuff that gets done, is of little interest to people who's primary focus is performance.
#69
PassionFords Creator
iTrader: (12)
Joined: May 2003
Posts: 28,824
Likes: 95
From: Blackpool, UK Destination: Rev limiter
A Modern Bosch ECU will have no less than 10'000 switches and maps in total. EDC17 is looking like 16'000, although we havent decompiled it all yet, its proving to be a MAMMOTH task!
#72
Stu,
Is there no OEM ECU that you have sufficiently hacked that is common and cheap enough to use as an aftermarket one for muchos cheapness that has all the features most people want, or is this the reason sticking with the Webber IAW?
I know someone that started to do this the the EEC ECUs, but he's too lazy to finish it (same as his engine monitors) .
Is there no OEM ECU that you have sufficiently hacked that is common and cheap enough to use as an aftermarket one for muchos cheapness that has all the features most people want, or is this the reason sticking with the Webber IAW?
I know someone that started to do this the the EEC ECUs, but he's too lazy to finish it (same as his engine monitors) .
#73
Stu,
Is there no OEM ECU that you have sufficiently hacked that is common and cheap enough to use as an aftermarket one for muchos cheapness that has all the features most people want, or is this the reason sticking with the Webber IAW?
I know someone that started to do this the the EEC ECUs, but he's too lazy to finish it (same as his engine monitors) .
Is there no OEM ECU that you have sufficiently hacked that is common and cheap enough to use as an aftermarket one for muchos cheapness that has all the features most people want, or is this the reason sticking with the Webber IAW?
I know someone that started to do this the the EEC ECUs, but he's too lazy to finish it (same as his engine monitors) .
Largely pointless though, as the problem with doing so is you have to author your own mapping software if you want to sell it as aftermarket as it has to be user friendly.
#75
A collegue of mine who has Phd in automotive engineering had a meet with someone from F1 team once which was organised by the university and they were talking about many things scientific, but later also about my collegues project car and the F1 guys asked at some point:
"-wow, this is quite a nice project but how did you fit those 6 knock-sensors to a road car
-I didn't, in fact it has none
-what?"
I don't think any OEM system runs turbocharger rpm monitoring...
Anyway as Chip pointed out - corrections for injector wear and like are hardly useful on engines with lifespan of less then several hundred working hours.
#76
Rich, stop doing that .
I was thinking of something more modern and readily available (as in made in the tens of thousands ). As in the ECUs can be bought for £20 and the mapping software for £100 and then all you would need is a loom made up .
I was thinking of something more modern and readily available (as in made in the tens of thousands ). As in the ECUs can be bought for £20 and the mapping software for £100 and then all you would need is a loom made up .
#79
And at the end of it what have you gained? An ECU that you have no basemap for to run that engine, where as the one you removed was:
Cost: 0
Loom: 0
Instalation time : 0
Basemap : Exceptionally good, totally complete
Immobiliser : Fully compatable
Dash : Fully compatable
It would just be expensive and time consuming.
#80