Originally Posted by
tabetha
Closed loop is useful for protecting cats, but if mapped correctly NOT needed.
tabetha
Sorry Tabby but you are partially wrong there. !!
Target AFR can be used to keep a cat happy but its primary objective will either be to deliver power and/or economy.
Also closed loop is good for keep the engine correctly tuned for various loads to preserve fuel and to make final adjustments to take into account engine and components wear.
Maybe not essential but it is needed in this day and age !