The markings show your alternator is a BOSCH unit.
Don't worry about D+ as not needed.
Are you sure the "M" is not being read upside down, and is in fact a "W", as this would be correct for a lucas/bosch and is a phase terminal, giving 7/8 volts to run auto chokes and tacho's, again just don't use.
B+ is battery(main charging cable)
Thin blue is ignition warning light(charge light)
YES it does matter which terminal the thick wire from the battery goes to on the solenoid, if you look closely you will see that one(nomally closest) has a thin braided wire that goes into the starter body, this is the feed out from the solenoid to the startrt motor itself, so the battery cable goes on the other nut,(otherwise the starter would continually turn)!!
Black on a ford is a SWITCHED live so could well be the wire from the ignition switch to the solenoid to energise(start) it, so just get metre out and check.
tabetha