long studding is driling the block to accept studs so that you put the head on and tigheen up nuts
the benifits are that there is mre secure location and you can put different threads on the top so that you can exert more pressure with a finer thread for less torque on the nuts

wire ringing is basicly amchining a rigroove into the block and filling it with a ring of wire to further help the fire ring in the head gasket in doing its job of preventing leakage from the cylinders