basically he needs to learn what hazards are....not necessarily what he thinks they are, but what the Driving Agency consider.

so if he sees a child near the road on the footpath, he needs to consider it a hazard as they could step into the road.

If he sees a car waiting at a junction, that's a hazard as they may pull out.

a car parked in the road is a hazard.

A cyclist is a hazard.

someone opening their car door is a hazard.

seeing a sign which says slow means there will be a hazard coming up.

approaching a school.

etc etc etc..