Hi Buddy,
As a merchant seaman....(Ex...) I can probably give you a very straight answer on this one.
You must be out of the uk, for 183 days (1 day over six months) in order to avoid paying UK tax..... That's basically the answer to all your questions. I was working for P&O Shipping (Cruise Ships), it don't really matter if your working on ships, Oil Rigs etc. The rule is still the same.
As for paying Norweigan Tax,,,,,, I'm not sure about that.